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Table 9.1. Characteristics of Apple Rootstocks and Interstem Combinations Preparedby Dr. Paul Domoto, Dept. of Horticulture, Iowa State University Extension(2/96) RootstockSize¹FruitingHardinessCrown RotFireRemarks AnchorageBlight

	Seedling Antonovka 313 M.4 MM.111 MM.106 B.490 Cornell-Geneva 210 M.7a, EMLA 7 Geneva 30 M.26, EMLA 26 Geneva 11	100% 100% 80-85% 80-85% 70-75% 70-75% 70-75% 60-65% 60-65% 55-60% 55-60%	Slow bearing, yield variable Slow bearing, moderate productivity Moderately early bearing, good productivity Moderately slow bearing, medium productivity. Early bearing, productive Early bearing, moderate productivity Early bearing, productive Early bearing, moderate productivity. Earlier bearing & more productive than M.7a Very early bearing, productive Very early bearing, very productive	Well anchored Well anchored Well anchored Well anchored Avoid wet sites Good on most soils Avoid poorly drained soils Well anchored Well anchored Free-standing but leans. Avoid Clay soil. Well anchored May need support in early years Well anchored		Hardy Considered hardy, more testing needed Moderate Moderate Very susc. early, hardy late winter Considered hardy; more testing needed Needs testing Moderate; roots tender, Testing required Hardiest M. or MM. series;somewhat slow to harden-off Testing required	Variable Resistant Resistant Tolerant on well drained soils. Very susceptible Moderately resistant Resistant Slightly susc. on wet sites Tolerant Susceptible on poorly drained soils Moderately resistant	Tolerant Moderately susceptible Tolerant Tolerant Moderately susceptible Tolerant Resistant Tolerant Resistant Very susceptible Moderately resistant	65-85% size control with spur. Suckering may be a problem; very few burrknots Some suckering; few burrknots²susceptible to late winter freezes. Most productive vigorous rootstock in regional testing. Moderate to heavy suckering; few burrknots². Tree form is more up-right. Little suckering; prone to burrknots². Moderately susceptible to tomato ringspot virus³. Very little suckering; prone to burrknots susceptible to tomato ringspot virus May be a replacement for MM.106. May be susceptible to late winter freezes. Almost no suckering; few burrknots². Suckering may be a problem. May be released soon, available 1998? Suckers, prone to burrknots². Most widely adapted clonally propagated rootstock. Promising Less prone to suckering than M.7a; burrknots²rare. Susceptible to latent viruses Little suckering; very prone to burrknots Susceptible to tomato ring-spot virus variety compatibility problems Promising new rootstock. Little suckering; very few burrknots². Available 1999?

					1998 New Jersey Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide