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Do not apply Stop Scald to fruit that has been sitting
in the sun. Fruit staining and reduced control can
result.
Scald inhibitors can be irritating to the skin of some
individuals. Plastic or rubber gloves should be worn
by these persons.
Postharvest treatments must be labeled on the
shipping container. For Stop Scald, the stamp should
read: "Treated with Ethoxyquin to Retard Spoilage."
For DPA, it should read: "Treated with
Diphenylamine to Retard Spoilage." The lettering
must be as large as other information on the
container. For polyethylene bags, stamp the master
carton only.
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volumes are best, as getting complete spray coverage is
critical.
The fire blight pathogen can become resistant to
streptomycin. Consequently, other bactericides, such as
copper materials and oxytetracycline [pear only] should
incorporated into the spray program.
Aliette WDG (fosetyl-Al) is registered on both pome
and stone fruit for control of crown and root rot caused by
Phytophthora species. On apple, it is labeled for both
bearing and non-bearing trees, while on stone fruit, it can
only be used for non-bearing trees.
On pome fruit, Alliette can be applied as a root dip
prior to planting a new orchard. Mix 3 lbs per 100
gallons and soak roots for 30- to 60-minutes. Alliete is
not registered for use as a dip for stone fruit.
On bearing pome and stone fruit orchards, Alliette is
applied as a series of foliar sprays during the spring and
early summer when conditions favor high soil moisture.
Make three or four applications on a 60-day spray interval
at 5 lb/100 gal, or alternatively apply six to eight
applications at 2.5 lb/100 gal.
Allisan (dicloran)is labeled for use as a postharvest
fungicide for control of Rhizopus and Brown rot on peach,
nectarine, plum, and sweet cherry. It should be added to
the wax spray applied during the packing line operations.
Bayleton 50WP (triadimefon) is extremely effective
against powdery mildew and rust on apple and pear. It
should be used from pink through third cover. It has
relatively little activity against scab and the summer
diseases, so it should be used in combination with
another fungicide.
Benlate 50WP (benomyl) is effective against scab,
powdery mildew, block rot, white rot, sooty blotch, and
fly speck on pome fruit. It will not control rust, and is
weak against bitter rot. On stone fruit, Benlate is
extremely effective against brown rot, scab, and powdery
mildew. This range of activity makes it particularly useful
during bloom and the late cover sprays.
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Since all of these materials will settle-out on
standing, the solution must be constantly agitated.
Further, all of the above can be removed from the solution
with the settling of dirt particles. Thus, the solution
should be recharged with fresh fungicide on a regular
basis. Recharging should be accomplished after every 30
bins/100 gallons of capacity, i.e., after 300 bins in a
1000-gallon tank. Add about 1/5 the initial fungicide rate
when recharging the tank.
Storage facilities, packing houses, and orchard boxes
should be treated with a 1:34 bleach solution (1 gallon of
5.25% bleach in 34 gallons of water). Permit complete
drying of the exposed surfaces before exposing fruit.
The following descriptions are meant to provide
additional information on the capabilities and limitations
of registered tree fruit fungicides and bactericides. These
descriptions were not intended to be complete
compilations of all properties of the materials listed, but
rather provide additional insight on chemical usage. For
specific information on rates, consult individual product
labels.
Agri-mycin 17 (streptomycin)is an anti-biotic with
activity against a broad range of bacterial plant pathogens
causing spots, blights, wilts, rots, etc. On tree fruit, it is
registered for use in controlling fire blight on apples and
pears, for which it is a highly effective bactericide.
Sprays should be applied two-three times during
bloom or timed according to a disease forecasting system.
Routine sprays during the summer are not cost-effective,
but applications should be performed immediately after
hailstorms if the orchard has a history of blight. Dilute
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