appleleafhopper becomes numerous wherever Imidan is
used regularly. Imidan is not highly toxic to mite
predators when applied according to schedule.

Kelthane (dicofol) (50WP). Kelthane, a chlorinated
hydrocarbon, controls both European red and two-spotted
mites. Resistance to Kelthane is becoming more
widespread each year so only apply once per year on
apple. Mite predators can tolerate this material.

Lannate (methomyl) (LV and 90SP) is a carbamate
insecticide labeled for control of apple aphid, rosy apple
aphid, codling moth, tufted apply bud moth, white apple
leafhopper, fruit tree leafroller, tentiform leafminer, green
fruitworm, tarnished plant bug, oblique-banded,
variegated, and red-banded leafrollers, Oriental fruit moth,
green peach aphid, catfacing insects, thrips, and stink
bugs. Lannate LV is not registered for nectarines. Do not
apply within 8 days before harvest for apples, 4 days for
peaches, and 1 day for nectarines. Do not apply to early
McIntosh and Wealthy varieties. Lannate is damaging to
mite predators; therefore, in pest management programs it
should be used sparingly and only in combination with
other insecticides.

Lorsban (chlorpyriphos) (4E and 50WP) is a
nonsystemic organophosphate insecticide. The 4E
formulation is labeled for dormant to tight cluster control
of rosy apple aphid, San Jose scale, and cutworm control.
For apples, Lorsban may be applied only once during the
green-tip to 1/2-inch green stage at the 1.5 to 2.0 pints
per acre rate, in combination with superior oil. Do not
apply the 4E after bloom. The 50WP formulation is
labeled for full-season general insect control. When used
for rosy apple aphid control, Lorsban 50WP is best used
as a preventative to avoid rosy aphid buildup. See the
label for insect species controlled. In addition, it provides
satisfactory green aphid control and suppresses mites.
Lorsban may cause a slight russeting on Golden
Delicious. For peaches, Lorsban is labeled for peach tree
borer control. Apply as a coarse trunk spray during mid-
to late September. Thoroughly wet all bark from scaffold
limbs down. Do not allow meat or dairy animals to graze
in treated orchards.

Malathion (25WP, 5E, 8E, 8F). This
organophosphate aphicide is recommended for growers
desiring less toxic insecticides. Wait 3 days between last
application and harvest for apples and 7 days for peaches.
This material is labeled for control of aphids, codling
moth, leafhoppers, mites, plum curculio, red-banded
leafroller, San Jose scale, lesser peach tree borer, and
Oriental fruit moth.

Mating Disruption is a technique used to prevent
damage from certain target pests by interfering with insect
pheromone communication. In nature, it is common for
one sex of an insect species to release a sex pheromone to
attract members of the opposite sex. Scientists have
synthesized and formulated some of these sex attractants.
Dispensers containing the synthetic sex attracting

pheromone are placed in the orchards and if done properly,
will disrupt mating and prevent damage. Usually
dispensers are hung from branches in the top 1/3 of the
trees at rates determined by the product label. Dispensers
must be hung before mating occurs so put them in trees
before pest emergence. Mating disruption should not be
used in orchards with history of moderate to severe
damage. Insecticides may be used to bring target pest
populations down to low levels prior to using mating
disruption. Damage from the target pest frequently shows
up along the borders of treated orchards so spray these
areas separately with insecticide or double the rate of
dispensers in these areas. More than one application of
mating disruption dispensers per year may be required.
Caution: mating disruption can be used as a substitute for
insecticide sprays applied against the target pest, but it
will not control other pests. Monitor growing fruit and
foliage more frequently for damage caused by other pests.
Mating disruption is currently available for codling moth
and oriental fruit moth.

M-Pede (potassium salts of fatty acids) (49% L)is
a soap-like material that is used as an insecticide against
many soft-bodied insects on pome and stone fruit.
Complete coverage is required because this material kills
on contact and is not effective once dried. There is the
possibility that it may russet some pome fruit varieties.
It may also be toxic to Stethorus lady bird beetle. The
Pennsylvania Tree Fruit Production Guide recommends
this material be used only on non-bearing apple and pear
trees. For mites and white apple leafhopper, apply 1 part
M-Pede to 50 parts water (2 gallons of material per 100
gal water). The same rate is also effective against pear
psylla nymphs.

Morestan (oxythioquinox) (25WP). Morestan is
effective against mite eggs and motile stages. It is also
effective against pear psylla nymphs. Apply this material
pre-bloom. Do not apply with oil or within a week of an
oil application or else serious phytotoxicity may result.
Morestan will provide effective control of early season
powdery mildew.

Penncap-M (2F) (encapsulated liquid methyl
parathion). The encapsulation reduces human hazard
and extends the residual longevity of the methyl
parathion. On apples, this material is labeled for control
of codling moth, plum curculio, apple maggot, San Jose
scale, tufted apple bud moth, and the following leafrollers:
fruit tree, red-banded, oblique-banded, and variegated.
Important:Do not use screen or nozzles finer than 50-
mesh when applying this material. Unlike parathion, it
can be used safely on McIntosh and related varieties. For
peaches, Penncap is labeled for control of plum curculio,
Oriental fruit moth, catfacing insects, lesser peach tree
borer, and peach tree borer. Wait 14 days between last
application and harvest for apples and peaches. Penncap-
M is very hazardous to bees and must not be applied
wherever flowering weeds occur in or around the orchard.
Excellent control results are obtained with Penncap-M
when it is combined with other insecticides.

128

1998 New Jersey Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide